CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY - BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION (StudyCivilEngg.com)
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY
SUBJECT - BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
Buildings may be classified according to various parameters like occupancy, load transfer, materials used and degree of fire resistance. The National Building Code of India (Part III–2005) classifies the buildings in the following nine groups based on occupancy
- Group A: Residential
- Group B: Educational
- Group C: Institutional
- Group D: Assembly
- Group E: Business
- Group F: Mercantile
- Group G: Industrial
- Group H: Storage
- Group I: Hazardous
Let us discuss each group of buildings in detail.
Group A : Residential Buildings
According to the National Building Code, residential buildings are those buildings in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes, with or without cooking or dining or both facilities except any building classified under Group C. Group A buildings are further subdivided as A-1 to A-5 as described below
Sub-division A-1 – Lodging or rooming houses
These are buildings in which under the same management, separate sleeping accommodation for a total of not more than 40 persons, on transient or permanent basis, with or without dining facilities, but without cooking facilities for individuals is provided. A lodging or rooming house is classified as a dwelling in sub-division A-2, if no room in any of its private dwelling units is rented to more than three persons.
Sub-division A-2 – One-or two-family private dwelling
These are private dwellings which are occupied by members of a single family and have a total sleeping accommodation for not more than 20 persons. If rooms in a private dwelling are rented to outsiders, they shall be for accommodating not more than three persons per room. If sleeping accommodation in any residential building is provided for more than 20 persons, it is classified as belonging to Sub-division A-3 or A-4 as the case may be.
Sub-division A-3 – Dormitories
These are buildings in which group sleeping accommodation is provided with or without dining facilities, for persons who are not members of the same family in a room or a series of closely associated rooms under joint occupancy and single management. Examples of such buildings are school or college dormitories, hostels and military barracks.
Sub-division A-4 – Apartment houses (flats)
These are buildings or a group of buildings under single management in which living quarters are provided for three or more families, living independently of each other and with independent cooking facilities. Examples of such buildings are chawls and apartment houses.
Sub-division A-5 – Hotels
These are buildings under single management in which sleeping accommodation with or without dining facilities is provided for hire to more than 15 persons, who are primarily transient. Examples of such buildings are hotels, inns, clubs and motels.
Group B: Educational Buildings
The buildings used for school, college or other training institutions that involve assembly during the day for instruction, education or recreation and which are not covered by Group D are considered educational buildings. There are two sub-divisions in this category:
B-1: Schools up to senior secondary level with not less than 20 students
B-2: All other training with less than 100 students
Group C: Institutional Buildings
A building or part of a building that is used for purposes such as medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or mental illness, disease or infirmity; care of infants, convalescents or aged persons and for penal or correctional detention in which the liberty of the inmates is restricted are categorised as institutional buildings. They ordinarily provide sleeping accommodation for the occupants. They are further sub-divided as follow
Sub-division A-6 – Hotels (starred): These include hotels duly approved by the concerned authorities as 5-star and above hotels
Sub-division C-1 – Hospitals and sanatoria: Examples are hospitals, infirmaries, sanatoria and nursing homes
Sub-division C-2 – Custodial institution: Examples are homes for the aged and infirm, convalescent homes and orphanages
Sub-division C-3 – Penal and mental institutions: Examples are jails, prisons, mental hospitals, mental sanatoria and reformatories
Group D: Assembly Buildings
These shall include any building or part of a building where groups of not less than 50 people congregate or gather for amusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic, civil, travel and for similar purposes. Examples of such buildings are cinema halls, theatres, assembly halls, auditoriums, exhibition halls, museums, skating rinks, gymnasiums, restaurants, places of worship, dance halls, clubs, passenger stations, as well as terminals of air, surface and marine public transportation services, stadia, etc. These buildings are sub-divided as follows
Subdivision D-1: Buildings having a theatrical stage and fixed seats for over 1,000 persons.
Subdivision D-2: Buildings having a theatrical stage and fixed seats for less than 1,000 persons.
Subdivision D-3: Buildings without a stage having accommodation for 300 or more persons but no permanent seating arrangements.
Subdivision D-4: Buildings without a stage, having accommodation for less than 300 persons.
Subdivision D-5: All other structures designed for assembly of people not covered by subdivisions D-1 to D-4. For example, grandstands, stadia, amusement park structures, circus tents, etc.
Subdivision D-6: Buildings having mixed occupancy providing facilities such as shopping, cinema halls and restaurants
Subdivision D-7: All other building structures elevated or underground for assembly of people not covered under D-1 to D-6.
Group E&F: Business Buildings
This group includes any building or part of a building that is used as shop, store, market for display and sale of merchandise, either wholesale or retail. These buildings are sub-divided as shown below:
Subdivision E1–E5: Mercantile buildings
Subdivision F-1: Shops, stores, markets with area up to 500 m2.
Subdivision F-2: Underground shopping centres, departmental stores with area more than 500 m2. Storage and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and located in the same building shall be included under this group.
Group G: Industrial Buildings
These shall include any building or part of a building or structure in which products or materials of all kinds are fabricated, assembled manufactured or processed. Examples of such buildings are assembly plants, laboratories, dry-cleaning plants, power plants, pumping stations, gas plants, refineries, dairies and saw mills. The sub-divisions of these buildings are as follows
Sub-division G-1–Buildings used for low-hazard industries
These are buildings where danger to life and property may arise from panic, flames or smoke or fire from external source only. In such buildings, there is no self-propagating fire.
Sub-division G-2 – Building used for moderate hazard industries
The processes in such industries are liable to give rise to a fire that will burn with moderate rapidity but without producing toxic substances and blasts.
Sub-division G-3 – Buildings used in high-hazard industries
The processes in such buildings are liable to give rise to a fire that will burn with extreme rapidity or from which poisonous fumes or explosions are feared.
Group H: Storage Buildings
These are buildings used primarily for the storage of goods (except highly combustible or explosive materials), vehicles or animals. Examples are warehouses, cold storage, freight depots, transit sheds, storehouses, truck and marine terminals, garages, hangars, grain elevators and stables.
Group J: Hazardous Building
These are buildings used for storage, handling, manufacturing or processing of highly combustible or explosive materials or products which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity and/or produce poisonous fumes or explosions. Examples of such buildings are for the following purposes:
- Storage, under pressure of more than 0.1 N/mm² and in quantities exceeding 70 m³ of acetylene, hydrogen, illuminating and natural gases, ammonia, chlorine, carbon dioxide, methyoxide, etc.
- Storage and handling of hazardous and highly inflammable liquids, LPG, rocket propellers, etc.
- Storage and handling of hazardous and highly inflammable or explosive materials other than liquids.
- Manufacture of artificial flowers, synthetic leather, ammunition, explosives and fireworks.
FAQs COVERED IN THIS POST
WHAT ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY?
CLASSIFY THE BUILDINGS BASED ON THEIR OCCUPANCY
WHAT ARE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS?
WHAT ARE THE SUB-DIVISIONS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS?
WHAT ARE SUB-DIVISIONS OF EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS?
WHAT IS MEANT BY EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS?
WHAT ARE INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS?
WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION OF INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS?
WHAT ARE INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND WHAT ARE THEIR SUB-DIVISIONS?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUSINESS BUILDINGS?
WHAT ARE STORAGE BUILDINGS?
WHAT IS A HAZARDOUS BUILDING?
CLASSIFY BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AS PER NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA (PART III - 2005)
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